COMPARATIVE DYNAMICS OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND BONE REMODELING IN GUNSHOT WOUNDS AND FRACTURES OF THE UPPER JAW IN THE EXPERIMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2226-2008-2024-3-1Keywords:
rats, maxillofacial area, gunshot wounds, fractures, inflammation and bone remodeling valuesAbstract
Introduction. The nature of gunshot wounds, the development of complications, the course of wound healing with high mortality, and a significant percentage of complications confirm that ammunition with different damaging properties is used in hostilities that contribute to the development of specific changes in the gunshot wound. The purpose. Gunshot wounds and fractures of the upper jaw were modeled in an experimental study on male laboratory rats for a comparative assessment of the course of the injuries. Materials and methods. The modelling of injuries was performed following original methods. The intensity of inflammation and the general condition of the body after injury was determined by peripheral blood counts (leukocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin), inflammatory markers (elastase activity and malondialdehyde content), and antioxidant defense in the blood serum, the markers of bone remodeling (alkaline and acid phosphatase activity, elastase, and calcium content) in the jaws with the injured area. The analysis of values was performed on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after modeling the injuries. Results. Gunshot wounds of the jaw caused a more pronounced development of general inflammatory reaction than fractures (by 30.3–41.0%), intensification of lipid peroxidation (by 33.3–55.3%), and decrease in the activity of antioxidant defense. Normalization of blood values in rats after jaw fracture was observed on day 14–21, and after gunshot wound – on day 21–28. Resorption of bone tissue in the jaws of rats after gunshot wounds was more intense than after fractures (increasing the activity of elastase – by 17.9–52.8% and acid phosphatase – 29.3–42.9%. Bone formation processes after gunshot injuries began a week later than after fractures. In general, after gunshot wounds of the upper jaw, more significant disorders in the blood and bone tissue were found compared to non-gunshot injuries of the jaw.
References
Mishalov VD, Mykhailenko OV, Khokholieva TV, Petroshak OIu. Forensic examination of objects in case of gunshot wound: monograph. Kyiv. 2019. 303 p. (in Ukrainian).
Oren D, Dror AA, Zoabi A et al. The impact of delayed surgical intervention following high velocity maxillofacial injuries. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11(1): 1379. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-80973-7.
Breeze J, Gensheimer W, Du Bose JJ. Combat Facial Fractures Sustained During Operation Resolute Support and Operation Freedom’s Sentinel in Afghanistan. Military Medicine. 2020; 185(9/10): 414–416. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa159.
Fylypchuk OV, Hurov AM. Features of the use of ballistic gelatin as an imitator of human biological tissues. Forensic examination. 2015; 15: 367–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2015.46 (in Ukrainian).
Shcherbak VV, Tolmachev OO, Kundyus OV, Abdurasulov AA. Methodology for conducting a ballistic experiment on biological simulators of the human body. Criminal Bulletin. 2015; 2(24): 131–2 (in Ukrainian).
Zarutskyi YaL, Khomenko IP, Verba AV, Burluka VV. Combat surgical trauma. Military field surgery. Kyiv, Feniks. 2018: 45–59 (in Ukrainian).
Gulyuk AG. Experimental model of gunshot wounds of the jaws in rats / Certificate of copyright № 119858. 19.06.23 (in Ukrainian).
Kara MV. Clinical and experimental substantiation of combined application of adaptogens and trigemino-sympathetic blockades in complex treatment of mandibular fractures and their complications. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Odesa. 2009. 255 p. (in Ukrainian).
Horyachkovsky AM. Clinical biochemistry in laboratory diagnostics. 3rd ed. Odesa, Ecology, 2005. 616 p. (in Ukrainian).
Makarenko OA, Khromahina LM, Khodakov IV. Methods of studying the state of the intestines and bones in laboratory rats: guidebook. Odesa. 2022. 81 p. (in Ukrainian).
