DISORDERS OF LIPID METABOLISM AND ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES OF KREBS CYCLE AND PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY IN THE MODELLING OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS AND ALKALOSIS IN RATS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2226-2008-2025-3-2Keywords:
diet with ammonium chloride and sucrose, acid-base disorders, lipids, G6PD, NADP-dependent IDH and MDH, lipaseAbstract
The aim was to investigate changes in the orientation of cholesterol metabolism and the spectrum of lipids, as well as the activity of key enzymes of the Krebs cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway, regulators of the NADPH/NADP+ ratio, in tissues of rats with disturbances of acid-base state – metabolic acidosis and alkalosis modelled with the aim of unbalanced nutrition: high-protein and carbohydrate (sucrose) diets.Materials and methods. Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis were modelled in rats sticking to diets with excessive ammonium chloride and sucrose. Acid-base balance and lipoprotein cholesterol content were studied in rat blood using conventional methods, then the animals were decapitated, and lipid content and enzyme activity (NADP-dependent IDH and MDH, G6PD and lipase) were determined in liver tissue, cardiac and thigh muscles using TLC.Results and discussion. The development of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis under the influence of diets with excessive ammonium chloride and sucrose was noted. The diet with ammonium chloride promoted lipolysis, activation of lipase, accumulation of under oxidised FFA and cholesterol, decreased the activity of NADP-dependent ICH in all tissues observed and the activity of NADP-dependent MDH in the tissues of the thigh and cardiac muscles of rats, and increased the activity of G6PD in the liver. The sucrose diet increased lipogenesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, and accumulation of FFA in the tissues of the heart and liver, and activated NADP-dependent MDH and IDH in all tissues observed of rats.
References
Karpenko PO, Fedorova DV, Bykova TL. Alimentarnyi chynnyk u kompleksnomu likuvanni khvorykh pry metabolicheskomom syndromi [Nutritional planner for complex treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome]. Problemy starinnia i dovholittia. 2016; 25(1): 105–113. Available from: http://old.geront.kiev.ua/library/psid/t25/n1/Karpenko.pdf.
Melnychuk DO, Pakhomova VO, Biloklytska HF, et al. Principles and development of features and methods of integral prevention and basic therapy for all types of chronic diseases in humans and animals [Principles and development of features and methods of integral prevention and basic therapy for all types of chronic diseases in humans and animals]. Dosiahnennia biolohii ta medytsyny. 2004; 2(4): 78–84. Available from: https://files.odmu.edu.ua/biomed/2004/02/d042_078.pdf.
Carnauba RA, Baptistella AB, Paschoal V, Hubscher GH. Diet-Induced Low-Grade Metabolic Acidosis and Clinical Outcomes: A Review. Nutrients. 2017; 9(538): 1–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9060538.
Khodakov IV, Khromahina LM, Makarenko OA, Mudryk LM. Modyfikatsiia kazeiino-sakharoznoi diiety M.S. Buhaiovoi ta S.A. Nikitina (1954) dlia modeliuvannia kariiesu zubiv u shchuriv [Modification of casein-sucrose diet M.S. Bugaiova and S.A. Nikitina (1954) for modelling dental caries in squints]. Visnyk stomatolohii. 2023; 1(122): 71–76. doi: https://doi.org/10.35220/2078-8916-2023-47-1.12.
Nelson DL, Cox MM. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry W. H. Freeman. 7thedition. Kopyasi; 2017. 3270 p. Identifier- ark: ark:/13960/s2ww0w69nz6. Available from: https://archive.org/details/david-l.-nelson-michael-m.-cox-lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry-w.-h.-freeman-2017-kopyasi/page/n1/mode/2up.
Levchuk NI, Lukashenia OS, Kovzun OI. Experimental modelling of diet-induced metabolic syndrome in laboratory animals. Endokrynolohiia. 2021; 26(3): 298–310. doi: https://doi.org/10.31793/1680-1466.2021.26-3.298.
Alam MS, Kibria MG, Jahan N, Price RN, Ley B. Spectrophotometry assays to determine G6PD activity from Trinity Biotech and Pointe Scientific G6PD show good correlation. BMC Research Notes. 2018; 11(855): 1–4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3964-7.
Melnychuk SD, Pakhomova VA, Pakhomova OO et al. Methods for measuring the acid-base balance and the metabolic system of its regulation. Odesa: Udacha; 2023. 59 p. (In Ukrainian). Available from: https://repo.odmu.edu.ua/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/14023/Melnichuk.pdf?s equence=1&isAllowed=y.
Ilardo K, Muhanna BA, Lamarti C. Evaluation of the hemolysis threshold for the measurement of serum lipase on Roche Cobas systems. International Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2025; 8(1): 39–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.14744/ijmb.2024.79037.
Christie WW, Hutton J. Thin-Layer Chromatography of Lipids. Lipid Library. AOSC; 2019. Available from: https://www.aocs.org/resource/thin-layer-chromatography-of-lipids/.
Benner A, Aakash K. Patel AK, Singh K, Dua A. Physiology, Bohr Effect. National Library of Medicine. Last Update: August 8, 2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526028/.
Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis: Core curriculum. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2023; 82(3): 347–359. doi: https://www.ajkd.org/article/S0272-6386(23)00610-8/fulltext.
Souza Cruz EM, Bitencourt de Morais JM, Dalto da Rosa CV, et al. Long-term sucrose solution consumption causes metabolic alterations and affects hepatic oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Biol Open. 2020; 9(3): bio047282. doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.047282.
Xu Y, Liu L, Nakamura A, Someya S, Miyakawa T, Tanokura M. Studies on the regulatory mechanism of isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 using acetylation mimics. Scientific reports. 2017; 7: 9785. doi: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-10337-7.
Long Chen, Chunhua Zhang, Yanling Wang et al. Data mining and pathway analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase with natural language processing. Molecular Medicine Reports. 2017; 16(2): 1900–1910. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6785.
Matsumura S, Signoretti C, Fatehi S, et al. Loss-of-function G6PD variant moderates high-fat diet-induced obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, and fatty liver in male rats. Journal of biological chemistry. 2024; 300: 107460. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107460.
Fojas EG, Lessan N, Chiong MA, Naemi R. Association of glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) expression and obesity: A systematized review. Obesity Medicine. 2024; 48: 100546. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.obmed.2024.100546.
Chung KW. Advances in Understanding of the Role of Lipid Metabolism in Aging. Cells. 2021; 10: 880. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10040880.
