CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH PATHOLOGICAL ENDOMETRIAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC FACTORS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2226-2008-2026-1-6Keywords:
endometrium, hyperplasia, abnormal uterine bleeding, obesity, carcinomaAbstract
The aim of the study was to characterize the clinical profile of women with pathological endometrial changes associated with metabolic disorders, with an emphasis on disease course, comorbidities, and risk determinants. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Multidisciplinary Medical Center of Odesa National Medical University and included 103 women who were examined between 2023 and 2025. Based on clinical and morphological findings, patients were divided into five groups: simple endometrial hyperplasia (n = 39), atypical endometrial hyperplasia (n = 9), endometrial cancer (n = 25), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS; n = 16), and a control group of healthy women (n = 14). Diagnosis was verified histologically using biopsy or surgical specimens. Cancer staging was performed according to the 2023 FIGO classification. All patients underwent comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation. Results. Mean body weight and body mass index (BMI) in patients with hyperplasia and endometrial cancer corresponded to class I obesity and were significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.05). In the PCOS group, BMI values corresponded to overweight with marked variability. Obesity was prevalent in most women with endometrial pathology. Abnormal uterine bleeding was the leading symptom (69.2–92 %), while pain and urinary or bowel dysfunction were more typical of malignant disease. Cardiovascular and endocrine comorbidities predominated. Ultrasonography revealed progressive endometrial thickening, structural heterogeneity, and increased vascularization associated with disease severity. Conclusions. Endometrial pathology is strongly associated with obesity and metabolic disorders. Ultrasonographic findings demonstrate high diagnostic value. Modifiable risk factors, particularly obesity, play a significant role in disease progression, highlighting the need for early detection and multidisciplinary management.
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