CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND OSTEOPOROSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2226-2008-2024-6-10Keywords:
child, obesity, osteoporosis, metabolic syndromeAbstract
Introduction. Sufficient accumulation of bone tissue is extremely important for the growth and development of the child’s body. Among the factors that can adversely affect this process, deviations from normal body weight cause the greatest concern today due to the significant increase around the globe. The purpose of the present review article is to analyze current research on the relationship between obesity in children and the development of osteoporosis. Material and methods. The narrative literature review was conducted using data published in the PubMed database in 2022–2024, as well as by manually searching the reference lists for relevant studies. The search query included a combination of words such as child, obesity, osteoporosis. In total, 58 studies were identified following the results of the literature search. The final number from 30 sources was included in this review. Results and discussion. Studies conducted on sufficiently large samples indicate that the real impact of obesity on bone mass in children can be determined primarily by its degree. An increase in body mass index (BMI) can indeed be directly related to an increase in bone mineral density (BMD), but up to a certain BMI value. Further, the dependence of BMD on BMI can become either zero, or the reverse. In addition, the real impact of obesity on bone mass in children is also determined by the presence or absence of a concomitant metabolic syndrome. Many modern studies indicate that it is the presence of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese children that adversely affects BMD. The negative impact of metabolically unhealthy obesity on BMD may be mediated by a deficiency of important micronutrients in the child’s body, primarily vitamin D, the metabolism of which in obesity can be significantly impaired. Conclusion. Measures to normalize body weight are necessary already in childhood. Among other things, they will prevent osteoporosis in the future. It is necessary not only to correct the nutritional status but also to use special sets of exercises for overweight and obese children and adolescents.
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